2020 has been a powerful reminder that we are all in this together, and our choices and actions have the power to protect the most vulnerable among us. The same holds true when it comes to breast cancer.

It is the most common cancer amongst women where every 1 in 8 are positively diagnosed. Women of every culture, race and age are at risk, including those in their late teens, 20s or 30s. Although this is common in females, males may be affected too.  Approximately 90% of deaths due to breast cancer are linked to a late stage diagnosis and the spreading of the disease to other vital organs of the body (metastasis). To reduce the burden of this disease, educating oneself and creating awareness about breast health may just be the answer.

What causes cancer to develop?

Cancer begins in the cells of bodily tissue known as DNA. In some cases, the process of cell growth goes wrong and new cells form when the body does not need them and old or damaged cells do not die as they should.  When this occurs, a build-up of cells often forms a mass called a lump, growth, or tumor. Breast cancer occurs when malignant tumors develop in the breast and can further spread to other cells.

Known risk factors versus myths

In many cases it is unknown what may cause breast cancer, however it is most likely to occur amongst females and males who have a known family history of cancer.

Although we do not fully understand why it occurs, we do know what does not cause cancer.  And here are some of the myths you may have heard:

• cell phones and microwave activity
• drinking excessive amounts of caffeine and water from plastic bottles
• engaging with someone who has breast cancer
• the use of specific deodorants
• wearing a bra while sleeping

Early detection

To prevent the effects of breast cancer, early detection is highly recommended. It has been shown that in early detection there is more than a 95% recovery rate . This is achieved by doing monthly breast self-exams, scheduling regular clinical breast exams and doing mammograms offered by local healthcare providers.

Signs and symptoms

Breast cancer can either be symptomatic or asymptomatic.  However, there are common signs and symptoms that may guide the need to see a health care provider as soon as possible. This includes:

• a new lump in the breast or underarm (armpit)
• a thickening or swelling of part of the breast
• irritation or dimpling of the breast skin
• redness or flaky skin in the nipple area or the breast
• pulling in of the nipple or pain in the nipple area
• nipple discharge other than breast milk, including blood
• any change in the size or the shape of the breast
• unexplained pain in any area of the breast
• unexplained weight loss, fatigue or lack of appetite

Can breast cancer be treated?

Breast cancer management relies on a firm foundation of a multidisciplinary team. The intention is that from the start of a person’s treatment there is an individual plan, tailored to the exact stage and type of cancer. Dependent on the stage and type, treatment may consist of chemotherapy, radiation, surgical removal or immunotherapy. Due to ongoing research, the treatment for cancer has greatly improved.

How to cope while living with cancer?

Not only does cancer affect your cells, it affects your entire being. It is therefore imperative to find means to cope and ensure effective healing whilst living with the disease. This can be achieved by:

• Mental health – by getting support either by a professional or through support groups, classes and family support.
• Physical health – taking part in 30 minutes of moderate physical activity daily of any kind is of the best form of self-care.
• Diet – fueling your body with nutritious food in a balanced diet is a recipe for success.

In honour of breast cancer month, we urge both male and females to take up the challenge to educate and create awareness on breast health that we can reduce the burden of disease amongst our family, friends and the world.